October 1990 — Ali Hassan Mwinyi, recently named chairman of the ruling Revolutionary State Party (CCM-Chama Cha Mapinduzi) is elected to his second five-year term as president.
July 1992 — Following the recommendation of a presidential commission, known as the Nyalali Commission after its chairman, Chief Justice F. Nyalali, the constitution is amended to introduce a multi-party system.
January 1994 — Citing the Swahili paper, Baraza, for a technical violation with its license, the government shuts down the paper for one month. Skeptics believe the main reason is the paper's publication of an article accusing a senior government official of involvement in the death of a Muslim cleric.
August 1994 — The High Court nullifies the results of the February parliamentary by-election in Kigoma, based partly on allegations that Radio Tanzania's coverage was unfairly biased in favor of the ruling party. Despite the ruling, opposition parties continue receiving scant official coverage, limited mainly to one 45-minute radio broadcast each week.
October-November 1995 — Tanzania holds its first multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections in over 30 years. The CCM wins a comfortable majority in Parliament and its candidate, Benjamin Mkapa, wins the presidential vote.
January 1996 — With World Bank support, President Mkapa sets up the Commission of Inquiry against Corruption, also known as Warioba Commission. At the end of the year, the commission releases a controversial report on the state of corruption in the country that implicates numerous high-level officials, including former President Mwinyi.
October 1998 — A World Bank report on anti-corruption efforts in Tanzania, largely a follow-up on the findings of the Warioba Report, concludes that corruption permeates all public sectors. The corruption, attributed to the country's recent political and economic history, resulted in weak anti-corruption institutions and poorly-enforced anti-corruption laws.
October 2000 — Presidential and parliamentary elections are marred by serious allegations of fraud. Mkapa is elected to a second presidential term.
January 2001 — Public protests against the elections lead to more than 40 deaths and a boycott of parliament by members of the opposition party, Civic United Front (CUF-Chama Cha Wananchi).
April 2001 — Thousands of opposition supporters march through Dar-es-Salaam in the first major opposition rally in decades.
October 2001 — Under EU encouragement, the CCM and CUF sign an agreement to end the political stalemate and allow for a more transparent government.
November 2001 — Tanzania wins 3.8 trillion shillings (US$3 billion) in debt relief from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), contingent on adhering to World Bank and IMF economic policy guidelines and institutional reforms for a period of several years.
November 2001 — Iddi Simba, minister of Trade and Industry, resigns partly due to the "sugargate" scandal, in which his ministry is alleged to have improperly awarded sugar import licenses.
July 2002 — President Mkapa's acquisition of a 27 billion shilling (US$21 million) presidential aircraft sparks domestic and international criticism. A few months earlier, the government was criticized for squandering public funds in its purchase of an air traffic control system.
January 2003 — Authorities arrest Reverend Christopher Mtikila, leader of a prominent opposition party, for unlawful assembly, breach of the peace and sedition after a rally in Dar-es-Salaam leads to a riot.
September 2003 — The BBC World Service signs a five-year partnership agreement with the Voice of Tanzania Zanzibar to make the BBC available in English and Swahili for the first time on the FM band in Zanzibar and on the island of Pemba.
December 2003 — Tanzania signs the United Nations Convention against Corruption. Ratification follows in May 2005.
December 2005 — Former Foreign minister and CCM candidate Jakaya Kikwete is elected president.
April 2006 — The High Court bans the traditional practice of takrima (traditional African hospitality), by which politicians give food, drink and other items of value to prospective voters during election campaigns. The court sided with three legal rights organizations that argued the practice, legalized shortly before the 2000 elections, was a form of corruption.
August 2006 — The African Development Bank announces the cancellation of more than US$640 million of debt owed by Tanzania, on the basis of Tanzania's economic record and level of accountability of public finance.
January 2007 — Britain's Serious Fraud Office visits Tanzania to investigate the purchase of an air traffic control system in 2001. According to British media, the British Defense Company, BAE Systems, allegedly paid Tanzanian middlemen a commission of US$12 million to win the order. BAE denies operating a slush fund to ensure the deal. At the time of the sale, UK International Development Secretary Clare Short criticized the sale of such an expensive system. In February, Tanzania asserts it will seek a refund from the United Kingdom if the probe reveals they were overcharged for the radar.
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