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2008 Assessment

Ethiopia: Integrity Indicators Scorecard

Ethiopia : Integrity Scorecard Report > Sub-Category: Political Financing
Indicators		Score
20	Are there regulations governing the financing of political parties?	43
21	Are there regulations governing the financing of individual political candidates?	0
22	Are the regulations governing the political financing of parties effective?	4
23	Are the regulations governing the political financing of individual candidates effective?	0
24	Can citizens access records related to the financing of political parties?	25
25	Can citizens access records related to the financing of individual candidates' campaigns?	0

Indicator and sub-Indicator Details

Are there regulations governing the financing of political parties?

20a: In law, there are regulations governing private contributions to political parties.

Score:

YES

Comments: Proclamation 46/1993 states that the source of finance of a political party shall be: 1. Membership dues collected from members 2. Subsidy and grants from the government 3. Donations from others

Prohibited Donations are acceptance by a political party of donations or grants from: 1. Foreign nationals 2. Foreign governments or foreign political parties 3. Welfare organizations 4. Religious organizations 5. Prisoners of laws

References: Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

20b: In law, there are limits on individual donations to political parties.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754, Chapter Three, Proc No. 45/1.

20c: In law, there are limits on corporate donations to political parties.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754, Chapter Three, Proc No. 45/1.

Consolidated version of the election laws of FDR of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 111/1995, to ensure the conformity of the electoral laws of Ethiopia with the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

Amendments made by Proclamation No. 438/2005 to provide for the amendment of the proclamation to make electoral laws of Ethiopia conform with the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.

20d: In law, there are limits on total political party expenditures.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

20e: In law, there are requirements for the disclosure of donations to political parties.

Score:

YES

$Scoring Criteria :: YES: A YES score is earned if there are any requirements mandating the disclosure of financial contributions to political parties. NO: A NO score is earned if there are no requirements mandating the disclosure of contributions to political parties, existing regulations do not require a donor\'s name or amount given, or the regulations allow for anonymous donations.$

Comments: Articles 54, 52 and 19 of Proclamation No. 573/2000 state that political parties are required to disclose their source of income and donation.

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Proclamation No. 573/2000 (Ethiopian calendar), Political party Registration

20f: In law, there are requirements for the independent auditing of the finances and expenditures of political parties.

Score:

YES

$Scoring Criteria :: YES: A YES score is earned if there is a legal or regulatory requirement for the independent auditing of party finances and expenditures. The auditing is performed by an impartial third-party. NO: A NO score is earned if there are no legal or regulatory requirements for the independent auditing of political parties\' finances and expenditures or if such requirements exist but allow for parties to self-audit.$

Comments: Part Seven, Accounts and Auditing

Books of Account: 1. Every political party shall establish accounting procedures relating to its revenues and expenditures. 2. The procedures of accounts of revenues and expenditures of every political party shall be in accordance with generally accepted practices of accounting. 3. Every member of a political party may inspect at any time the books of account of a political party of which he is a member without causing hindrance to its activities. 4. Every political party shall have the responsibility of proving to the government that its expenditures are applied to advance its political objectives.

Annual Financial Reports: Every political party shall prepare and officially issue annual financial reports. Such annual financial reports shall be audited and accepted by auditors pursuant to the orders of the Office of Registration.

References: Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

20g: In law, there is an agency or entity that monitors the financing of political parties.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Are there regulations governing the financing of individual political candidates?

21a: In law, there are regulations governing private contributions to individual political candidates.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

21b: In law, there are limits on individual donations to political candidates.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

21c: In law, there are limits on corporate donations to individual political candidates.

Score:

YES

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

21d: In law, there are requirements for the disclosure of donations to individual political candidates.

Score:

YES

$Scoring Criteria :: YES: A YES score is earned if there are any requirements mandating the disclosure of financial contributions to individual political candidates. NO: A NO score is earned if there are no requirements mandating the disclosure of contributions to individual political candidates, existing regulations do not require a donor\'s name or amount given, or the regulations allow for anonymous donations.$

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

21e: In law, there are requirements for the independent auditing of the campaign finances of individual political candidates.

Score:

YES

$Scoring Criteria :: YES: A YES score is earned if there is a legal or regulatory requirement for the independent auditing of an individual candidate\'s campaign finances and expenditures. The auditing is performed by an impartial third-party. NO: A NO score is earned if there are no legal or regulatory requirements for the independent auditing of an individual candidate\'s campaign finances and expenditures or if such requirements exist but allow for candidates to self-audit.$

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

21f: In law, there is an agency or entity that monitors the financing of individual political candidates' campaigns.

Score:

YES

$Scoring Criteria :: YES: A YES score is earned if there is a domestic agency or set of domestic agencies/entities formally assigned to monitor and enforce laws and regulations around the financing of individual political candidates\' campaigns. A YES score is earned even if the agency/entity is ineffective in practice. NO: A NO score is earned if there is no such agency or entity.$

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Proclamation No. 46/1993, Political Parties Registration Proclamation, Part Five, Source of Income and Property Affairs of Political Parties, Article 27.

Proclamation No. 82/1994, Proclamation to Provide for the Amendment of the Political Parties Registration, Proclamation No. 46/1993.

Are the regulations governing the political financing of parties effective?

22a: In practice, the limits on individual donations to political parties are effective in regulating an individual's ability to financially support a political party.

Score:

100

Comments: No limit to individual's ability to financially support political party.

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

Peer Review Comments: There are no limits on donations and so there is no issue of effective regulation.

22b: In practice, the limits on corporate donations to political parties are effective in regulating a company's ability to financially support a political party.

Score:

100

Comments: No limits to a company's ability to financially support a political party.

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

22c: In practice, the limits on total party expenditures are effective in regulating a political party's ability to fund campaigns or politically-related activities.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

22d: In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of political parties independently initiates investigations.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

22e: In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of political parties imposes penalties on offenders.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

22f: In practice, contributions to political parties are audited.

Score:

100

Comments: See the case of the audit report of the old Kinjit party.

References: Fortune newspaper Reporter newspaper Adiss Admas newspaper

Peer Review Comments: Many would argue that this audit was politically motivated to discredit the major opposition party rather than to increase transparency in political processes.

Are the regulations governing the political financing of individual candidates effective?

23a: In practice, the limits on individual donations to political candidates are effective in regulating an individual's ability to financially support a particular candidate.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

23b: In practice, the limits on corporate donations to individual candidates are effective in regulating a company's ability to financially support a candidate.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

23c: In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of individual candidates' campaigns independently initiates investigations.

Score:

100

$Scoring Criteria :: 100 Score Criteria: The agency or entity aggressively starts investigations into allegations of wrong doing with respect to the financing of individual candidates\' campaigns. The agency is fair in its application of this power. 50 Score Criteria: The agency or entity will start investigations, but often relies on external pressure to set priorities, or has limited effectiveness when investigating. The agency, thought limited in effectiveness, is still fair in its application of power. 0 Score Criteria: The agency or entity rarely investigates on its own, or the agency or entity is partisan in its application of this power.$

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

23d: In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of individual candidates' campaigns imposes penalties on offenders.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

23e: In practice, the finances of individual candidates' campaigns are audited.

Score:

100

$Scoring Criteria :: 100 Score Criteria: The finances of individual candidates\' campaigns are regularly audited using generally accepted auditing practices. 50 Score Criteria: The finances of individual candidates\' campaigns are audited, but audits are limited in some way, such as using inadequate auditing standards, or the presence of exceptions to disclosed contributions. 0 Score Criteria: The finances of individual candidates\' campaigns are not audited, or the audits performed have no value in tracking contributions. Audits may be performed by entities known to be partisan or biased in their practices.$

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

Can citizens access records related to the financing of political parties?

24a: In practice, political parties disclose data relating to financial support and expenditures within a reasonable time period.

Score:

100

Comments: The newspapers reported the case of problem, which is related to the audit report of the old Kinijit party.

References: Fortune newspaper, Adiss Admas newspaper, Reporter newspaper

Peer Review Comments: I believe the Kinjit (Coalition for Unity and Democracy -- CUD) case was an involuntary audit designed to discredit an opposition party rather than an example of a party choosing to disclose its financial records in the interests of transparency.

24b: In practice, citizens can access the financial records of political parties within a reasonable time period.

Score:

100

Comments: The newspapers reported the case of the problem related to the audit report of the old Kinijit political party.

References: Fortune newsletter Reporter newsletter Adiss Admas newsletter

Peer Review Comments: I believe the case of the original Kinjit party is exceptional and that the overall pattern is that records are never made available.

24c: In practice, citizens can access the financial records of political parties at a reasonable cost.

Score:

100

Comments: The newspapers reported the case of the problem related to the audit report of the old Kinijit political party.

References: Fortune newsletter Reporter newsletter Adiss Admas newsletter

Peer Review Comments: I believe the Kinjit (CUD) case was an involuntary audit designed to discredit an opposition party rather than an example of a party choosing to disclose its financial records in the interests of transparency.

Can citizens access records related to the financing of individual candidates' campaigns?

25a: In practice, individual political candidates disclose data relating to financial support and expenditures within a reasonable time period.

Score:

100

Comments: Individual candidates never publish their sources of funding or expenditures.

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754.

25b: In practice, citizens can access the financial records of individual candidates (their campaign revenues and expenditures) within a reasonable time period.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754

25c: In practice, citizens can access the financial records of individual candidates (their campaign revenues and expenditures) at a reasonable cost.

Score:

100

Comments:

References: Negarit Gazeta of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.532/2007, Amended Electoral Law of Ethiopia, Page 3754